You may have seen many terracotta pots and everyday use items, horses and even the army of Qin Shi Huang of China, but India has its very own temple structure made of terracotta in Bishnupur, West Bengal. Terracotta as you may know has its origins in Indus Valley Civilisation, where burnt clay was used to make earthen pots that were used for varying purposes in the region. It is a soft malleable substance that is easy to find and sustainable in nature. Different states in India also produce various crafts made from the material – be it toys for children to ritualistic large horses standing at the beginning of temples or villages are saviours and protectors.
The terracotta temple structure and other relics of the district in West Bengal is one of the greatest and most unique cultural treasures of the country. The unique architectural marvel was built by the Malla Kings who rule a part of West Bengal. The temples are dedicated to Lord Vishnu, hence the name Bishnupur (the local dialect of saying the Lord’s name), the temple structures were made between 10th – 17th century (approx 700 years ago) in the region.
The large pantheon of temple complex houses some 20 temples, dedicated to an avatar of Vishnu, the first of which, the Mrinmayee temple was made by King Jagat Malla in the year 997 CE. The temples beautifully reflect the architectural style prevalent in Bengal during the time and has many temples dedicated to Krishna. The Shyam Rai, Madmohan and Krishan Rai have tales of Krishna beautifully carved within the walls of the temple. Another temple structure is the Lalji Temple in Kalja (also known as Ambika, Kalna) built in the 18th century. It has 22 spires on top and stunning terracotta sculptures carved within the structure. The Madmohan structure built by Maharaja Durjana Singh Deva, depicts scenes from Mahabharat, Ramayana, etc. The Jor Bangla temple, dating back to the 17th century, stands out with its distinctive double roof and walls adorned with intricately carved terracotta plaques, making it a prominent landmark in the area.
Each temple structure boasts of a new architectural look, the Rasmancha temple has an elongated pyramidal tower surrounded by hut shaped turret similar to the Bengali style roof structures.
Bengal’s terracotta art shines through in depictions of diverse religious scenes, including “Indra battling while seated on Oirabot,” the “Saga of Ram and Raban,” glimpses of “Krishna Lila,” expressions of the “Love of Radha-Krishna,” and scenes of “Hunting from old civilization.” A notable feature of this temple is a colossal Raschakra, showcasing various forms of “Radha-Krishna Lila amidst Gopinis.”
India Post released a collection of seven Commemorative Postage Stamps and a miniature sheet showcasing the Terracotta Temples of India on 8th August 2020.
The architectural essence of Bishnupur draws inspiration from a fusion of styles and cultural influences from its surrounding regions. The rustic terracotta tiles, structures crafted from laterite and brick, and intricately carved panels depicting mythological epics, these elements stand out as the defining features of the temples in the region. It is a must visit for any lover of great art and heritage, the Bishnupur temple complex is a sight to behold. You can even pack a few terracotta souvenirs from the region on your way back.
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