15

Things to Know About Chinese Architecture

8th June, 2024

1. Wooden Construction

Traditional Chinese buildings are primarily constructed with wood. The use of timber framing and intricate joinery techniques is a hallmark of ancient Chinese architecture.

2. Pagodas

These multi-storied towers are a quintessential feature of Chinese architecture, originally serving religious purposes such as housing relics and providing a place for meditation.

3. Curved Roofs

Chinese roofs often have a distinctive upward curvature at the edges, believed to ward off evil spirits. These curved roofs also help in shedding rainwater efficiently.

4. Dougong Brackets

 An essential structural element, dougong (斗拱) are interlocking wooden brackets that support the roof and add decorative flair to buildings.

5. Symmetry

Chinese architecture emphasizes symmetry, with buildings often laid out in a balanced and orderly manner. The main structures usually align along a central axis.

6. Feng Shui Principles

The layout and orientation of Chinese buildings often follow Feng Shui principles, which aim to harmonise human existence with the surrounding environment.

7. Courtyard Houses

Known as Siheyuan (四合院), these traditional courtyard residences consist of buildings arranged around a central open space, providing a private and serene living environment.

8. Imperial Palaces

Grandiose and elaborately decorated, structures like the Forbidden City in Beijing showcase the opulence and architectural sophistication of ancient Chinese imperial palaces.

9. Use of Colour

Bright colours, especially red, yellow, and green, are prominent in Chinese architecture, with red symbolising good fortune and yellow representing the emperor.

10. Terracotta Roof Tiles

Traditional Chinese buildings often use glazed terracotta tiles for roofing, contributing to the vibrant and colourful appearance of the structures.

11. Temple Architecture

Chinese temples are designed to create a sense of peace and reflection, with features such as elaborate carvings, statues of deities, and serene garden settings.

12. Gardens

Chinese garden design is an art form that integrates architecture, rocks, water, and vegetation to create a harmonious and picturesque environment, exemplified by places like the Classical Gardens of Suzhou.

13. Gateways and Archways

Ornate gateways, such as paifang (牌坊), serve as entrances to significant buildings and sites, often inscribed with calligraphy and decorated with intricate carvings.

14. Tower Architecture

Besides pagodas, other notable tower structures include drum towers and bell towers, which were historically used for timekeeping and signalling.

15. Regional Variations

Chinese architecture exhibits regional diversity, influenced by local climates, materials, and cultural practices. For example, the stilt houses of southern China contrast with the cave dwellings of the Loess Plateau in the north.