Smart Materials in Interior Design

As the world becomes increasingly focused on sustainability and innovation, the incorporation of smart materials in interior design is revolutionizing the way we think about our living and working spaces. These materials not only enhance aesthetic appeal but also improve functionality and sustainability. Let’s talk about 9 materials which are taking the world by storm.

What Are Smart Materials?

Smart materials or responsive materials are substances that can change their properties in response to external stimuli such as specific mechanical stress, temperature, light, or electric fields. This unique characteristic allows them to serve multiple purposes, making them ideal for innovative interior design applications.

1. Polymorph

Polymorph is a versatile thermoplastic that becomes moldable when heated. Polymorphs are used to store thermal energy because they absorb heat by changing from a solid to a liquid phase. They can also produce artificial thermal mass in buildings. Currently, polymorphs are integrated into plasterboards or applied to internal renders. By altering their phase and converting internal heat into latent heat, expelled through mechanically or naturally occurring nighttime ventilation, polymorphs can lower pick loads.

2. Smart Glass

Smart glass, switchable glass, or dynamic glass is a game changer in interior design. It can alter its transparency in response to electrical signals, light, or heat. They are embedded with electrochromic technology, enabling them to change colour or opacity in response to an electrical voltage. You can also regulate how much heat, light, or glare enters a room. There are many uses for smart glass, such as display screens, automotive sunroofs, and window shades. It is employed to raise user comfort, increase energy efficiency, and offer privacy on demand. There are numerous varieties of smart glasses on the market, made of electrochromic materials, photochromic materials, or thermochromic materials.

3. Piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity is the virtue of piezoelectric materials generating electrical charge when subjected to mechanical stress or vice versa. The energy-efficient design can be embedded in floors or walls to harness light energy from footsteps and wind-induced vibrations. They can also alter their shape in response to an electrical impulse. The energy generated can power low-energy appliances. Piezoelectricity sensors can also monitor the building’s structural health as they provide real-time data on mechanical stress and strain.

4. Shape Memory Alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can return to their original shape after being deformed when exposed to various stimuli, including heat. Hence, they are used to create retractable roofs, shading systems, adjustable furniture, smart windows, and more that adapt to user needs. These materials are known for their superelasticity, and can even alter their shape once external pressure is applied.

5. Magnetostrictive Materials

These materials change shape or dimensions in response to magnetic fields. While still in the early stages of practical application in interior design, magnetostrictive materials could lead to the development of responsive walls and furniture. They are currently utilized in shock absorbers to stop seismic vibrations in skyscrapers and bridges.

6. Electroactive Polymers

When stimulated by electricity, electroactive polymers (EAPs) undergo a shape change. They are versatile and lightweight, but they continuously need to be turned on by a high-voltage electrical current. They can also be used in reverse, whereby mechanical stimulation causes them to produce electricity. Electroactive polymers are mostly used in actuators and sensors. These EAPs can be incorporated into movable shade devices and small-scale wind turbines.

7. Thermochromic Materials

Thermochromic materials undergo colour changes in response to temperature changes making them intelligent building materials. They can be both organic (leuco dyes and liquid crystals in a polymer matrix) and inorganic (metal oxides and chalcogenide) compounds. The colour change occurs due to the shift in the crystal lattice arrangements and molecular structure in response to temperature fluctuations. Thermochromic materials are used in smart windows, facade cladding systems, furniture, flooring, wall coverings, and art installations.

8. Hydroceramic

Spanish students from IAAC created hydroceramic materials. It blends hydrogel bubbles with clay ceramics, demonstrating an adaptability to various environmental conditions. These spheres help create a user-friendly atmosphere by absorbing water and using evaporative cooling to reduce the surrounding temperature on hot days. Hence, they are particularly useful in arid climates. On wet and cold days, the hydrogel bubbles expand and insulate the space. Hydroceramic contributes to a building’s energy efficiency and serves as both a thermal insulator and a cooling mechanism. 

9. Regenerative Bioconcretes

Regenerative bioconcretes are innovative materials that can heal themselves through microbial processes. These spores are activated by moisture when the concrete cracks, producing calcium carbonate, which seals the cracks and restores the material. Structures which use regenerative bioconcretes are more resilient and long-lasting, especially in harsh environments. Applications for bio-concrete are possible in a variety of construction and interior projects, particularly where it is essential to preserve structural integrity over time. They can be applied to surfaces that undergo wear and tear, reducing maintenance needs and contributing to sustainable building practices.

The Impact of Smart Materials in Interior Design

The integration of smart materials in interior design not only enhances aesthetics but also promotes sustainability and functionality. By utilizing these materials, designers can create spaces that adapt to human needs, improve energy efficiency, and provide a healthier living environment.

As we move toward a more sustainable future, the importance of incorporating smart materials into design will only grow. With advancements in technology and a focus on eco-friendly solutions, smart materials are set to play a crucial role in shaping the interiors of tomorrow.

By understanding and leveraging the potential of smart materials, designers can create spaces that not only meet the needs of today but also anticipate the challenges of tomorrow.

Image Courtesy – ArchDaily

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